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Secondary-Side
Surges
Single-phase distribution transformers using non-interlaced
winding designs are as much at risk from lightning surges entering through the secondary
neutral (X2) as from primary surges. As illustrated below, the voltage induced across the
primary winding in total is small, but very high layer-to-layer stresses can occur within
the transformer winding. Extensive DSTAR testing and analytical investigations have
produced guidelines for minimizing risks of transformer failure from this phenomenon, also
guidelines have been provided for coordination of the transformer protection with
customer-side overvoltage protection.

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